The color of the primer is not all that critical ... however, the color of the glue is. The colors separate different "heat" levels of the same glue (PVC) or the type of pipe being glued (PVC, ABS, CPVC). CPVC pipe is "harder" then PVC and needs a hotter glue. Grey PVC cement is much slower to "tighten up" then the clear and there are "commercial" grades that tighten up much stronger and faster. You definitely don't want to get the "red" glue they use for fire sprinkler pipe on you - it is that "hot" because fire sprinkler pipe is extremely hard.
The solvents and levels in the glues are specific to the pipe being glued. CPVC glue is for CPVC, PVC glue is for PVC - don't mix them or use them on the wrong pipe.
You can "revitalize" PVC cement by adding a bit of the primer in the glue if it is a bit thick - but if it is turning to gel, throw it out.
Many PVC fitting makers are now saying that you should NOT use the primer on 1/2" or 3/4" pipe/fittings unless they are "dirty".
Also, when gluing pipes over 1" you should hold the connection for a few seconds as the chemical reactions can push the connection apart.
BTW - Yes, I do work with PVC for a living :thumbsup: