For years we maintained a mile and a half of dirt road using an old willis jeep and a home made 'scraper'.
The scraper consisted of 3 6x6 timbers laid out parallel to the rear bumper and 2 more lengthwise to hold and position the cross pieces.
The first cross piece was slightly angled to let the road material move sideways and the second would catch the spillover from the first and move it over to the other side.
Narurally the end of the # 2 would be wider than the first.
Again the third was positioned so as to catch spillover from the second.
Basically picture a big 'Z'.
The front and rear 'blades' would be angled about 20 deg or so and since that would pull the scraper off to the side, the middle blade would have a sharper angle, like about 30-40 deg. That tended to keep the whole rig going somewhat in a straight line.
Lag bolts would tie everything together and later refinements had steel cutting edges added.
For pulling we used 2 chains and added an old 14" tire as a shock absorber.
Pulling that thing along the road would skim off the humps and bumps, fill in the dips and holes and leave us with a dirt road smoothe as a baby's bottem.
An 'emergency scraper' could be rigged with any old lengths of 8 ft 4 x 4's and 2 by stock for cross bracing along with a bunch of nails and lag screws plus some heavy rope if you don't have chain available.
Wts can be added (nail on a plywood 'deck').
Mind you the life span od such a wooden scraper will be about one day.
I know,'been there done that' (that's how I prooved my design for the final product)
Final design consisted of 5 lengths of 6 x 6 oak with notched joints and 2 1/2 bolts at each joint.
3/8" x 3 'cutting edges' were lagged to each blade.
That old rig stood us about 10 years of grading about every 2-3 weeks from May to Oct.
One trick was that we stored it 'high and dry' to prevent rot.
One guy would stand on the scraper holding onto a rope and actually steer the scraper by applying his weight to the appropriate corner.
Now I'm not the genius behind this idea.
I just remembered back in the 50's at my grandfather's farm that the local township would have a horse team out pulling these things every spring.
Also 'back then' they did not plow the roads. They compacted the snow by rolling it with a 3" diam roller pulled by a team.
Great for cold winters, but total shut down in the spring for about 2 weeks.
But then that was only 2 wks out of 52.
Today we want 53!
Times sure have changed.