If it's just rust bloom and not flaking, then I'd just paint over it with the following:
Wrought'n Harv, another member on here taught me about mixing Rustoleum rusty metal primer with the Rustoleum brown leather top coat in a 1:1 ratio as a single step paint system that lasts. That's all I've used for the last 2 years on all my pipe fencing. It goes on easily with a paint mitt, lasts and is easy to touch up if needed. It's a nice rustic look and if any rust starts to develop, it doesn't look bad.
If you're planning on a fancy look that requires a colored top coat, then I'd suggest you go "all-in" with a complete metal prep, zinc rich epoxy primer and then an epoxy top coat. If not, then the system listed above is about the best I've found.