WranglerX
Super Member
You forgot 16-2/3...
And then there was the wire recorder at 2 ft. a second (3,600 feet per spool)...
Dale
Why 540?
- Thread starter mcfarmall
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You forgot 16-2/3...
And then there was the wire recorder at 2 ft. a second (3,600 feet per spool)...
Dale
RickB
Super Star Member
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- Just a Scag
Irrelevant. 540 is not an even factor of 1725 or 3450.
You can blame the French for metric...the main goal of metric is to standardize weights and measures to more meaningful units. Imperial units are a confusing mish-mash of oddities and localized "standards".
It's all a balance of strength of materials and cost of manufacturing. The 3:1 was likely the best compromise at the time and fit a niche need. Everybody started using that standard and here we are today still using it.
BETA might have been a better technology but everyone used VHS. Then came DVD, blueray, blah blah blah.
For all we know they went to 3:1 because somebody's gear hobbler was set up to cut certain angle of teeth.
Industrial Toys
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Well, us dumb Canadians never got screwed worse than when they started selling fuel in litres. It's easeir to jack up and manipulte prices when things are sold in smaller units. Never mind the theiving policians that got rich when Petroscam was formed!
The French are responsible for all kinds of low and disgusting things! lol
The French are responsible for all kinds of low and disgusting things! lol
CobyRupert
Super Member
There’s that one thing, I forget how to pronounce it,
.... it was just right on the tip of my tongue too..
buickanddeere
Super Member
The Mob runs the construction industry in Quebec and is handed fat government contracts . The bureaucracy and contractors in the nuclear industry is particularly corrupt .
Carroll Goering and Scott Cedarquist, American Society of Agricultural Engineers (ASAE), 2004:
Experimental power take-offs were tried as early as 1878, but International Harvester Company (IHC) was first (in 1918) to install a pto on a production tractor. In 1920, IHC offered this option on their 15-30 tractor, and it was the first pto-equipped tractor to be submitted for a Nebraska Test.
Walter Jones, writing in a 1922 agricultural engineering journal, explained the reasoning for equipping tractors with a pto. A sprocket attached to a ground-driven bullwheel on horse-drawn machines could provide rotary power. A tractor with no pto could replace the horses but not the bull wheel; slippage of the tractor drive wheels and bull wheel reduced the power transmission efficiency far below that of a pto shaft.
Industry leaders quickly saw the need for standardizing the pto. Three pto features needed standardization: the direction; speed; and the size, shape and location of the pto shaft. On Dec. 14, 1926, the world's first pto standard was drafted by industry engineers meeting in Chicago. They quickly agreed the shaft should rotate clockwise. Standardizing the speed proved more contentious.
Pto shaft speed must suit the needs of implements (initially grain binders), but should the pto speed be linked to speed of the engine or the tractor drive wheels? Experience in rice states, where the 1925 crop was heavy and traction was poor, demonstrated advantages of linking pto speed to engine speed. Grain binders could run at full speed while the travel speed was reduced to accommodate the heavy crop. The fastest shaft on binders (the pitman drive) ran at 500 to 600 rpm at normal travel speeds.
The 1926 draft standard was adopted by ASAE in April 1927. The pto rotational speed was specified as 536 ± 10 rpm; W.L. Zink reported that this speed seems to work out satisfactorily for all installations known. Thus, it is likely that the choice was a compromise related to the needs of early pto-driven machines.
Acceptance took time. A 1929 study of 35 popular tractors showed pto speeds ranging from 515 to 745 rpm with an average of 549 rpm. Through numerous revisions, the pto speed stayed at 536 rpm as late as 1948. By 1958, when a new 1,000 rpm pto standard was developed, the 536 rpm standard speed had been changed to 540 +- 10 rpm. Probably, the speed was simply rounded up to a more convenient value.
The pto shaft, originally conceived to run reapers and binders, has become an important part of the tractor and has enabled many implements to come into being the corn picker, for example. It was invented before 1920, but only became practical with the development of the pto.
To best and succinctly answer the question that prompted this article, it appears the speed was initially chosen to be compatible with needs of early implements, especially binders. A range of speeds would have worked, but the first pto standard drafters settled on 536 ± 10 rpm. Sometime between 1948 and 1958, the standard speed was rounded up to 540 ± 10 rpm.
...
The original article text has been preserved by the Internet Archive Wayback Machine. I'd post a link but am prevented from doing so by the forum software until I amass three posts.
Experimental power take-offs were tried as early as 1878, but International Harvester Company (IHC) was first (in 1918) to install a pto on a production tractor. In 1920, IHC offered this option on their 15-30 tractor, and it was the first pto-equipped tractor to be submitted for a Nebraska Test.
Walter Jones, writing in a 1922 agricultural engineering journal, explained the reasoning for equipping tractors with a pto. A sprocket attached to a ground-driven bullwheel on horse-drawn machines could provide rotary power. A tractor with no pto could replace the horses but not the bull wheel; slippage of the tractor drive wheels and bull wheel reduced the power transmission efficiency far below that of a pto shaft.
Industry leaders quickly saw the need for standardizing the pto. Three pto features needed standardization: the direction; speed; and the size, shape and location of the pto shaft. On Dec. 14, 1926, the world's first pto standard was drafted by industry engineers meeting in Chicago. They quickly agreed the shaft should rotate clockwise. Standardizing the speed proved more contentious.
Pto shaft speed must suit the needs of implements (initially grain binders), but should the pto speed be linked to speed of the engine or the tractor drive wheels? Experience in rice states, where the 1925 crop was heavy and traction was poor, demonstrated advantages of linking pto speed to engine speed. Grain binders could run at full speed while the travel speed was reduced to accommodate the heavy crop. The fastest shaft on binders (the pitman drive) ran at 500 to 600 rpm at normal travel speeds.
The 1926 draft standard was adopted by ASAE in April 1927. The pto rotational speed was specified as 536 ± 10 rpm; W.L. Zink reported that this speed seems to work out satisfactorily for all installations known. Thus, it is likely that the choice was a compromise related to the needs of early pto-driven machines.
Acceptance took time. A 1929 study of 35 popular tractors showed pto speeds ranging from 515 to 745 rpm with an average of 549 rpm. Through numerous revisions, the pto speed stayed at 536 rpm as late as 1948. By 1958, when a new 1,000 rpm pto standard was developed, the 536 rpm standard speed had been changed to 540 +- 10 rpm. Probably, the speed was simply rounded up to a more convenient value.
The pto shaft, originally conceived to run reapers and binders, has become an important part of the tractor and has enabled many implements to come into being the corn picker, for example. It was invented before 1920, but only became practical with the development of the pto.
To best and succinctly answer the question that prompted this article, it appears the speed was initially chosen to be compatible with needs of early implements, especially binders. A range of speeds would have worked, but the first pto standard drafters settled on 536 ± 10 rpm. Sometime between 1948 and 1958, the standard speed was rounded up to 540 ± 10 rpm.
...
The original article text has been preserved by the Internet Archive Wayback Machine. I'd post a link but am prevented from doing so by the forum software until I amass three posts.