Congratulations!!! You and I were on the losing side of this debate until we thought about it for a while. Untilllll I thought of this example....
Put on some roller skates and stand on a treadmill. Hold a CO2 fire extinguiser under your arm and point it backwards. Have someone turn on the treadmill and fire off the fire extinguisher. You will shoot forward no matter what the speed of the treadmill, right? Except that according to the original question, the treadmill will match your wheel speed. In order to go anywhere forward, your wheels would have to turn faster than the surface of the treadmill. Soooo, I am back to the school of thought that this is a tough question.
Picture me am lying on the ground next to a mile long treadmill with my fingertip on the center of the hub of the airplane's wheel. If the wheel turns forward at all, the magic treadmill will turn in the opposite direction, so the hub of the wheel will never leave my finger, right? How could the plane gain any airspeed if it isn't leaving my finger?
I've changed my mind again, the plane won't fly because the wheel can never leave the spot next to my finger because the magic treadmill won't let it.