There's been no update for some time as I just didn't have anything to update. This past week, the tractor is finally running correctly and not showing any sign of overheating. As a reminder, the PO said he thought the engine was overheating but he wasn't sure. When I put the tractor into use, it was filling the overflow tank within a few minutes, and boiling coolant in the block after half an hour of operation. Replacing the head gasket did solve the matter of filling the overflow tank as the cooling system was no longer pressurized with combustion gases. However, it was still overheating (meaning boiling in the block). Bear in mind, this was with a new water pump, radiator, hoses, and belt. I went back to the exploded parts diagram earlier in this thread and found the answer. The water pump has two pipes on it. One goes to the lower radiator hose, the other goes to a bypass hose. They are the same size and right next to each other. You can probably see where this is going. I had the hoses on the wrong pipes. Effectively, water from the pump was pumped right back into the block, never making it to the radiator. This has been corrected now.
I ran the tractor for the better part of a day in 90 degree heat and another partial day in 75 degree heat. It never pumped anything into the overflow tank or sounded like it was boiling coolant in the block. How this engine took as much abuse as it has and can still run is beyond me. Now that everything is correct, it is running at normal temperatures and not losing coolant. I would have expected the head or block to be warped, but there's no evidence of it.
The tractor still needs some attention, but now I'm comfortable running it.
Thank you to all who helped.