Heat: Fuel Oil vs Propane vs Electric

   / Heat: Fuel Oil vs Propane vs Electric #1  

Sparks45

Bronze Member
Joined
Jun 21, 2012
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50
Location
Maryland
Tractor
n/a
We're slowly progressing toward getting the "minor subdivision" approved by the county. GC thinks he'll have permits by end of March - except, perhaps, driveway permit to cross stream and wetlands from state Dept of Environment. Of course, he can't access the property to start building until he has the bridge and driveway in.
I talked to the woman who'll be our neighbor. She has the adjacent 5 acres and we bought from her brother when he sold his half of the old family farm. When I asked, she said she's lived there 45 years and only remembers losing electricity maybe 5 times, the longest being 2 days when a thunderstorm blew a tree down across the power lines.
We originally planned on propane heat, hot water, and cooking with a propane-fueled backup generator for each house. Sounds like now we don't really need the generators ($10,000 option per house). That said, I likely will have the electrician put in transfer switches just as a precaution. That way, if we decide to add gens in the future, the houses will be prepped.
I'm looking for opinions on which fuel you would use in this situation, and why. I've done a little 'research' and it appears that fuel oil has ~40% more energy per gallon than propane and there are systems available that offer about the same efficiency with either fuel. I don't know how they compare cost-wise but diesel is ~$4.50-$4.60/gal in this area so I would expect fuel oil would be near the same. Propane runs ~$4/gal. Electric is my third choice, at least right now. We had heat pump in Florida (Jacksonville area) several years ago and I didn't care for the feeling of cool air coming out of the vents. That said, if it's enough of a savings, I could always wear a sweater :) If we do go all electric, then any future backup generator would also include a fuel tank, but I think the 10k price the GC quoted is rather high.
Thanks for your widsom.
Charlie
P.S. I started to post this in the Projects forum but the description says it's for tractor projects - although I do see building threads in it. I guess the moderator will move this if I've misplaced it.
 
   / Heat: Fuel Oil vs Propane vs Electric #2  
For me I would use this order 3. Propane 2. Fuel Oil 1. Electric Is it possible to get natural gas there?
 
   / Heat: Fuel Oil vs Propane vs Electric
  • Thread Starter
#3  
For me I would use this order 3. Propane 2. Fuel Oil 1. Electric Is it possible to get natural gas there?

Unfortunately, no. Public sewer does cross the back of the property so we'll be hooking up to it but there's no city water or gas available - at least close enough to make it feasible. County initially wanted us to bring water in from up the road but after we showed them it'd cost ~40k, they granted an exemption.
Charlie
 
   / Heat: Fuel Oil vs Propane vs Electric #4  
If you go to Heating Fuel Cost Calculator - BuildingGreen.com you can compare the cost of heating between different fuels. Of course you need to know what your actual delivered prices are for those fuels.

I ran the following numbers:

Fuel Oil at $4.20/gal

Propane at $3.15/gal

Electricity at $0.18/kwh (delivered with all their add on fees)

The output was

Fuel Oil (#2): $39.62 per million Btu

Propane: $45.12 per million Btu

Electricity: $52.75 per million Btu

None of the systems assumed super high efficiency, just the defaults

In this study electricity was the most expensive. I figure that for many, it will be even more expensive, since the cost per kWh is probably higher than listed.

Fuel oil and diesel are close to record high prices. But whether you can really get propane for $3.15/gal is another story.

Fuel oil is compact, and readily available (you can use diesel for what is basically the same price and available just about anywhere). If you are doing a new home, equipment is available with much better than 78% efficiency. You can get fuel oil fired water heaters too. If your main heat and hot water comes from fuel oil, it means that you could do with a much smaller generator, one basically that can drive the well pump so you are not without water during an outage.

I'm biased since I am planning a move off grid, all my equipment is diesel powered and obviously, there are no utilities where I am going. Propane is a rip off in the western states too, far higher priced than the midwest. So diesel is what will power my world.
 
   / Heat: Fuel Oil vs Propane vs Electric #5  
Advantages to propane are that it is cleaner and more efficient (90% or more vs ~80% for fuel oil).
Depending on your hot water usage, if going to propane, I would look into a on demand hot water heater.
On propane prices, check to see if there is a propane co-op in your area. There is one here (you have to own your tank) that charges $0.20/gallon over their cost with a minimum fill of 500 gallons (ie: you have to have a 1000 gallon tank).
When our boiler bites the dust (which will happen at some point), I will be looking very hard at replacing it with a propane boiler.

Aaron Z
 
   / Heat: Fuel Oil vs Propane vs Electric #6  
Most folks around here have propane. I will say that we had fuel oil where we lived previously for thirty years. Fuel oil for us was a little dirty and very high maintenance. Fuel oil, from our experience, would be the worst choice.
 
   / Heat: Fuel Oil vs Propane vs Electric #7  
Talk to your local electric utility or co-op as you make your decision. When I did and looked at the cost per BTU for heat, natural gas was a little better than electric high eff heat pump, but wasn't available where I was building. Fuel oil is most costly. I chose a geothermal electric heat pump because its cost per unit of heat was well below that of natural gas... And below the normal air-to-air heat pump. In addition, a geothermal blows air a bit warmer than a conventional HP, at least that's my observation. And my always chilly wife agrees. The geothermal costs more up front, but pays for itself in a few years. I've had mine for 11 years and figure the additional cost was repaid in about 6 or 7 years. And the geothermal provides most of my hot water as well.

As for a generator, I think the infrequency of outages here - and probably there in Maryland makes a huge expense for backup power not really cost effective. I put in a wood stove - for aesthetics and that proverbial warm room primarily - and have a portable generator with enough juice to run my water pump, the fan on my heat pump only, lights, etc... I spent a lot less on the generator, yet can keep my home comfortable and lit during the rare outages. That said, if I had medical issues or some other personal considerations, I'd consider a whole-house generator.

Everybody's situation is different, but given that Maryland is not a true northern state, I'd give a geothermal heat pump a hard look. And good luck.
 
   / Heat: Fuel Oil vs Propane vs Electric #8  
If you go to Heating Fuel Cost Calculator - BuildingGreen.com you can compare the cost of heating between different fuels. Of course you need to know what your actual delivered prices are for those fuels.

I ran the following numbers:

Fuel Oil at $4.20/gal

Propane at $3.15/gal

Electricity at $0.18/kwh (delivered with all their add on fees)

The output was

Fuel Oil (#2): $39.62 per million Btu

Propane: $45.12 per million Btu

Electricity: $52.75 per million Btu

None of the systems assumed super high efficiency, just the defaults

In this study electricity was the most expensive. I figure that for many, it will be even more expensive, since the cost per kWh is probably higher than listed.

Fuel oil and diesel are close to record high prices. But whether you can really get propane for $3.15/gal is another story.

Fuel oil is compact, and readily available (you can use diesel for what is basically the same price and available just about anywhere). If you are doing a new home, equipment is available with much better than 78% efficiency. You can get fuel oil fired water heaters too. If your main heat and hot water comes from fuel oil, it means that you could do with a much smaller generator, one basically that can drive the well pump so you are not without water during an outage.

I'm biased since I am planning a move off grid, all my equipment is diesel powered and obviously, there are no utilities where I am going. Propane is a rip off in the western states too, far higher priced than the midwest. So diesel is what will power my world.

I think your #s are out to lunch. They have 2 stage heat pumps that can do much better. Also you can't cool with oil,, another 2 stage for cooling.
 
   / Heat: Fuel Oil vs Propane vs Electric #9  
We pay $3.8/gallon for fuel oil and if we were to switch to propane (through a local co-op) last I heard the price was running ~$2.50/gallon.
With those costs and a 78% efficient oil boiler vs a 90% efficient propane boiler, I am seeing Fuel Oil (#2): $35.84 per million Btu and Propane: $31.03 per million Btu

Aaron Z
 
   / Heat: Fuel Oil vs Propane vs Electric #10  
We have a Water Furnace. We didn't know anything about geothermal until we bought this place 5 years ago. After 30 years of fuel oil geothermal is a true marvel to us. The fellow that we bought this place from said the geothermal that he had installed in 1999 when he built this place was $19,000.
 

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