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According to one of my professors: Our system is designed so that you have to touch two particular wires to get shocked by 240. Wall outlets won't do it. You have to mess with the drier, or well pump AND touch two wires simultaneously to get clobbered by 240V.
Except for static, I've never been shocked by more than 120V, and I'd hate to think what 240 would feel like.
Also the higher voltage requires smaller conductors and typical circuits are 12 and 16 amp.
Lightning protection is also standard as well as GFCI for decades in the panel...
None of us thought to ask how the Europeans mitigate that risk, but I'm sure they have made their home systems as safe or safer.
I've done some residential wiring on new construction in Austria...
It is different... in that 220v is the normal voltage and 380v for things like electric continuous flow water heaters.
The 220v outlets are much safer than ours in that there is no way a person plugging into the outlet can have contact with either prong of the plug because the receptacle area is recessed.