2 examples. Volvo 5 cylinder turbo "Whiteblock" (used in the 1999-2004 S70, V70, etc) and the VW 1.8L Turbo (used in various cars between 1998 and 2004).
Both cars if maintained to OEM oil change intervals (Volvo was every 7500 miles with Dino oil) WILL build up sludge in the engine by 100k miles. On the Volvo it will block the passages in the head starving the cam of oil. On the VWs there was a class action lawsuit over it which resulted in a settlement.
Switch to Synthetic with the same oil change intervals and no sludge.
My car ('97 Volvo V90, straight 6, non-turbo with hydraulic lifters) was significantly quieter after I switched to Mobil1 Synthetic and there have been issues with the lifters getting "stuck" when using dino oil.
Aaron Z