Okay,now I get what surplus power is. It is generated power in excess of what is needed, right. And you say the fixed generating stations are not flexible, right. Solar power should be off during the night, right? Wind power can be turned off turbine by turbine as required, right? Turbines do not have to be "Hot" when shut down, right? Turbines don't have tubes that don't like temperature changes, right? Power generating locations spread over the entire grid should reduce transmission problems, right? They may even be able to transmit power longer distances due to the spread, right?
The proceeding is all about the physics of the system operation, right? The Mechanical Systems do work, right? The European Systems are supplying power, right? If they supply power they must work, right?
Now for Economics. The Grid includes many individual owners, right? Each Owner wants to maximize their profit be it for transportation or generation, right? So all the babble of cost is not about economical distribution of power but rather profits, right?
By by the way, each owner should be allowed a profit, right.
I might also also add that my education is limited. When Eddy Currents are mentioned a canoe and paddle on a nice stream comes to mind. Transient Gauss Flux reminds me of some bad food producing excess gas!
The wind turbine operators are now being paid to not generate power. When base load generation combined with hydraulic and non dis-patachable power exceeds utility grid demand. Still leaves the rate payer stuck paying 13.5 cents per kw hr for power not being produced. Paying 39.5 to 80.2 cents per Kw hr for solar not being produced.
In fact power was negative rates from midnight until after 6:00AM this morning for nuclear and OPG hydroelectric.
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Some natural gas plants are guarantied 16.5 cents per Kw hr to make a profit anytime they choice to operate, including when there is already a surplus. Their contract says so as they are co-generation plants that also provide process heat for industry.
Hydro electric dams with native Indian contracts generate anytime they have enough water to operate the turbines and they receive a fixed guarantied price power Kw hr, not market wholesale rate. This surplus power now requires Hydro One to pay Michigan and NY to take this power after Hydro One was forced to purchase the hydro electric power at subsidized rates.
Europe is now also burdened with run away electrical rates required to subsidized wind and solar. Spain is in severe financial difficulty. Norway and Denmark etc were able to subsidize green power with exports of dirty oil for a while until the price of crude dropped. Germany is holding their own via burning record amounts of coal and selling power to Norway & Denmark etc when it's dark and the wind is still.
When there is a surplus on sunny windy weekends and during spring/fall. Germany receives power cheap , free or is paid to take Norway & Denmark power. Norway, Denmark are now stuck paying subsidized rates to wind and solar even though the wholesale power is surplused to Germany.
The green industry is not sustainable without subsidizes. Subsidizes last only as long as somebody can or somebody will pay the elevated cost.
Power usage is concentrated in urban areas. Wind and solar production are located away from Urban areas. Urbanites will vote out politicians who build gas turbines and wind turbines in those voters back yards. Hence the multi Billion $$$ natural gas plant cancellation penalty and ongoing scandal in Oakville by the Ontario Liberals just before the election.
If you look at the electoral map and the location of wind turbines. You will not find wind turbines in Liberal ridings, just NDP and Conservative ridings .
Wind and solar generation connected to networks that were sized and designed for distribution has problems with erratic, unpredictable voltage, current and frequency disturbances that trip protective equipment relays. Now customers are in the dark and spinning reserve once again has to pickup the load.The duplicate electrical systems to carry wind and solar on it's own dedicated networks to main switch yards is costly to install.
While wind and solar are better than nothing where there is nothing. or in Hawaii and 3rd world countries where there the distribution grid does not have mixed generation with base load and load following hydro electric/fossil.
Where generation is only rows of diesel electric generators burning imported oil. Solar in particular is welcome when it supplies what it can, when it can.