Toyota sells more vehicles than Ford. Period. Small engines in F150's are not a result of some technology wave, it's about milage regulations. Fleet averages must meet a milage number. Very hard when your best seller is a truck, and the rest of of your fleets high milage sales are small. Small engines and aluminum bodies are the result. High pressure Turbo direct injection was developed by Bosch and VW for diesels, it's 20 years old now, and the patents have expired and it's being used in gas engines. Nothing cutting edge there... Ford has a real problem with regulations, their best selling vehicle is a truck, and that milage has to be balanced over a range of high milage vehicles of which Ford doesn't do well in that market place, compared to a manufacturer like Toyota who has a plethora of high selling high milage vehicles to average against. The F150 is going to get lighter, smaller, and have smaller engines or Ford will have to sell a lot more high milage cars.