The tier 5 article implies DEF for NOx emissions and DPF for particulates, and auto shut-down to minimize idling. With forced warranty extensions on Manufacturers (probably only on Emissions stuff only) means that any Diesel Engines sold in California will be more expensive/less attractive to operate. No clue how they plan on reducing CO2, since combustion usually produces CO. More sensors, more complex computer programming will result in more limp mode (or outright shutdown) driving costs even higher. The tax incentives for non-emission vehicles are there to drive down their price & (MAYBE) offset the additional cost of operating. NO. Cal already faces blackouts & brownouts with outrageous pricing of electricity due to PG&E fires & Mandatory sourcing of GREEN Generation (which doesn't provide surge capacity), so what is it going to look like when everyone is plugging in to top off their batteries? Basically, CA is telling Central Valley farmers/ranchers MOVE to another state & we can use your land to give free housing to illegals so that Apple/Google/Facebook employees in silicon valley can have their maids living in Modesto/Salinas/Soledad rather than further out. Similar to their High-Speed Rail. LA to SF was supposed to be 2 hours, it'll be 4 (minimum) if it ever gets done & Southwest flights can be had for pennies compared to the cost of operating that train. Who pays? CA and Federal Taxpayers. The idiocy will only end when money leaves the State and there is no one left to pay for the stupidity.