Citydude
Elite Member
In the powder river basin, we turned useless sagebrush acres into grass lands for grazing after it was reclaimed.
People never see that part of mining.
People never see that part of mining.
Battery based electric vehicles of today and tomorrow.
- Thread starter Gale Hawkins
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airbiscuit
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From West Virginia Public Broadcasting 9/17/2021
Legacy costs
Coal mining also has a number of legacy costs-- from abandoned mine lands to road damages from coal trucks.
A report from the Ohio River Institute says that Abandoned Mine Lands (AML) in West Virginia — these are coal mines abandoned before 1977 — account for just over 20 percent of the U.S. total and more than 24 percent of the costs.
Those mine lands account for 173,000 acres of land that need reclaimed with reclamation costs estimated at $5 billion. Only Pennsylvania has more unreclaimed pre-1977 mine lands than West Virginia. More than 30 percent of West Virginians live within a mile of an unreclaimed mine site.
......
In a seven-state area, there were 633,000 acres of land that needed some level of cleanup. More than 200,000 acres of that was in West Virginia — the highest total for a single state. Kentucky was slightly lower.
The total estimated outstanding cost of this reclamation ranges from $7.5 to $9.8 billion. The total available bonds amount to approximately $3.8 billion.
.......
West Virginia has approximately $3 billion of reclamation liability, from mines abandoned after 1977, but only has approximately $1.2 billion in bonds to secure that reclamation.
Legacy costs
Coal mining also has a number of legacy costs-- from abandoned mine lands to road damages from coal trucks.
A report from the Ohio River Institute says that Abandoned Mine Lands (AML) in West Virginia — these are coal mines abandoned before 1977 — account for just over 20 percent of the U.S. total and more than 24 percent of the costs.
Those mine lands account for 173,000 acres of land that need reclaimed with reclamation costs estimated at $5 billion. Only Pennsylvania has more unreclaimed pre-1977 mine lands than West Virginia. More than 30 percent of West Virginians live within a mile of an unreclaimed mine site.
......
In a seven-state area, there were 633,000 acres of land that needed some level of cleanup. More than 200,000 acres of that was in West Virginia — the highest total for a single state. Kentucky was slightly lower.
The total estimated outstanding cost of this reclamation ranges from $7.5 to $9.8 billion. The total available bonds amount to approximately $3.8 billion.
.......
West Virginia has approximately $3 billion of reclamation liability, from mines abandoned after 1977, but only has approximately $1.2 billion in bonds to secure that reclamation.
SylvainG
Platinum Member
I'll need to check that next time I go for a drive. The 'energy' bar at the top will tell me if it's regenerating or not, unless they fake that.
airbiscuit
Super Member
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- 6,331
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- NW Wisconsin
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- New Holland T2310 (40hp), Kubota L3010 GST, New Holland TC21DA *** Previously - Farmall H, 1941 John Deere B, Shibaura SD1500, John Deere 850, Bobcat 642, New Holland 1925
https://appvoices.org/end-mountaintop-removal/community/
"For more than a decade, Appalachia has also become known for the atrocity of mountaintop removal mining. The impacts on communities of blowing up mountains and dumping the rubble into streams are profound. It forces residents to contend with contaminated drinking water, increased flooding, dangerous coal slurry impoundments, and higher rates of cancer and other health issues.
Residents find little recourse due to weak regulations and government officials unwilling to stand up to coal companies. Communities near mountaintop removal sites are losing population as people move away in order to protect the health and safety of their families."
"For more than a decade, Appalachia has also become known for the atrocity of mountaintop removal mining. The impacts on communities of blowing up mountains and dumping the rubble into streams are profound. It forces residents to contend with contaminated drinking water, increased flooding, dangerous coal slurry impoundments, and higher rates of cancer and other health issues.
Residents find little recourse due to weak regulations and government officials unwilling to stand up to coal companies. Communities near mountaintop removal sites are losing population as people move away in order to protect the health and safety of their families."
Larry Caldwell
Elite Member
I was more in mind of the Powder River Basin. Those are the coal trains that boggle the mind.
Larry Caldwell
Elite Member
What do you do with the air? People never see that either.
Grumpycat
Veteran Member
What other purpose does the mountain serve?
Grumpycat
Veteran Member
Check what? The BMW i3 owner's manual states "energy recovery" ends at 12 MPH.
SylvainG
Platinum Member
I mean the Tesla.
Grumpycat
Veteran Member
You can feel the Tesla trying to regenerate/brake all the way to zero. It just doesn't reverse the motor the way the i3 does for more powerful low speed one-pedal deceleration. It can't make much power at low speeds because the rotor doesn't spin fast enough to produce enough voltage to feed the battery. But there is torque resistance when it tries.
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