Bridge#2

[jayste]

Nice bridge..!! I didn't read all posts, but did see the one where you drilled 300 holes though the wood, and beams... Maybe someone else suggested it, but I didn't happen to see it if they did.

IF it ever needs to be replaced, or you build another... Instead of drilling through the beam, maybe use what we called "bridge deck clips". You drill beside the beam, and a steel strap approx. 3" long, with a hole towards one end. The clip has..., I guess you call it a offset bend in it. It allows it to be flush with the wood, and thickness of the beam. The other end clips to the beam when tightened.

Smaller versions of this, are used on semi lo-boy decks...

I see you are east of Lexington... Beautiful country..!! I go across Rt. 68, from Maysville, to Lexington to visit my sister.

Speaking of bridges... I may post some pictures of a bridge we are "building" on our "Rails to Trails" project. We are using railroad flat cars for the bridge structure, with decking, and rails to come later. Thay have put another one in since we set the first one, but wasn't there for that one...

Like I don't have enough to do around here already... I volunteer doing stuff like this...

And..., if that's not enough... We pack stone in by horseback, where ODNR's equipment can't get..!! This was done on a bridle, and walking trail in Hocking State Forest, in SE Ohio... We packed 30 tons of stone in by horseback, ( and my Donkey) 2 years ago last spring... 180 lbs. at a time...!!

Sure makes you appreciate things with hydraulics..!!

DJ,

I'd like to see pics of that. Even if you have to start a new thread.

Jay

 

[buggyman1]

Nice bridge..!! I didn't read all posts, but did see the one where you drilled 300 holes though the wood, and beams... Maybe someone else suggested it, but I didn't happen to see it if they did.

IF it ever needs to be replaced, or you build another... Instead of drilling through the beam, maybe use what we called "bridge deck clips". You drill beside the beam, and a steel strap approx. 3" long, with a hole towards one end. The clip has..., I guess you call it a offset bend in it. It allows it to be flush with the wood, and thickness of the beam. The other end clips to the beam when tightened.

Smaller versions of this, are used on semi lo-boy decks...

I see you are east of Lexington... Beautiful country..!! I go across Rt. 68, from Maysville, to Lexington to visit my sister.

Speaking of bridges... I may post some pictures of a bridge we are "building" on our "Rails to Trails" project. We are using railroad flat cars for the bridge structure, with decking, and rails to come later. Thay have put another one in since we set the first one, but wasn't there for that one...

Like I don't have enough to do around here already... I volunteer doing stuff like this...

And..., if that's not enough... We pack stone in by horseback, where ODNR's equipment can't get..!! This was done on a bridle, and walking trail in Hocking State Forest, in SE Ohio... We packed 30 tons of stone in by horseback, ( and my Donkey) 2 years ago last spring... 180 lbs. at a time...!!

Sure makes you appreciate things with hydraulics..!!

You gotta post pics, I would love to see it. Wish I had known about the clips before all that drilling.

 

[Transit]

There are those that think the day you leave High School is the last day you need to learn anything. Fools.

 

[DJ54]

I'll post a couple of new threads on our projects. Although these aren't here at our home places, we volunteer to do this work, so many can share the fruits of our labor.

The first one, I'll just post a couple links in the thread. Our webmasters did a great job on the photo essay's. And will save lots of download time. The pictures seem to be tiny, but click on them and they will enlarge. Ther were two projects done here in Hocking State Forest. #1, we built/benched in approx. 1500' of bridle/hiking trail in less then 4 hours.

May not seem like that big of a deal, till you realize it was all done by hand labor. No motorized equipment was used. Pulaski Axes, mattocks, and shovels, and a lot of backbone, and sweat...

The forest manager said we either need to get together and build a re-route, or he was going to close the trail. Some people got upset, because he made that statement. But you have to realize that his job is make sure this land is saved for future generations to enjoy. But then make it accessable now, for all to enjoy also, with the least enviromental impact.

After lunch, we made a dam out of logs to catch dirt and debris, to try and let mother nature fill back in a wash, caused by people riding horse's up a sandy hill, for years on end.


Then..., we hand passed approx. 9 tons I believe of "D" sized rock to fill gabion baskets at the head of the washout, and build the trail across. Their little tracked trail buggy could only get within like 75' of where the stone actually needed to be. Amazing what 70 people can do, when they put their mind to it. And note..., most of the folks working there, are not exactly spring chickens....!! LOL...

The second link will be to the photo essay, of where we packed in 30 tons of stone by equine.

Look for the thread titled "Fat Man's Squeeze". That is what they call the rock formation we placed the stone in.

As soon as I figure out, or remember how to post pictures, I'll post pics of the railcars used for bridges.

This thread will be titled " Moonville Rail Trail"

I hope you enjoy it....

 

[gpflepsen]

This was a great project, and this thread is interesting, aside from buggy's great work.

Let me just say Transit is wrong below. He has made a fundamental error. If you are going to copy words from somewhere, get them all. From your postings, I can only assume this is the source of error. I can't believe you'd make the mistake in a stream of consciousness type effort.

Remember jayste, you asked. Danno1, your answer is correct; however it doesn't scratch the surface.
Let's take Thermo Dynamics as it applies to trains. The Ideal Gas law; PV=nTR or rewritten as PV/T=nR where nR is a constant and may be written for two conditions [1] and [2] P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2. Ok, now what? Do you have an Air Compressor? Air enters the compressor at state 1, Pressure 1, Volume 1, and Temperature 1. When the piston moves to the top of its stroke the pressure is P2, volume is V2 at temperature T2. P2 will be greater than P1, T2>T1 and V1>V2. The ratio must be satisfied and predicts the values of P, T, and V of condition 2 starting from condition 1. So now you know why your compressor gets hot. I can't write the mathematical expression with this format in word, but here is a problem that relates to our discussion.

Ten lbs. of air is compressed from 14.696 psi atmospheric and 60 deg F to 60 psi gauge when the barometer is 14.696 psi atmospheric. Find the horsepower to drive the compressor.

a) the initial volume of ten pounds of air is calculated from the Ideal Gas Law;
b) V1= 10 lb. x 53.35 ft-lb/lb R x [60 +460] R / [ 12in x 12 in x 14.696 psf]= 131.0 cubic feet of air. Adding 460 converts the temperature to absolute or Rankin temperature
c) The final pressure is P2= 14.696 + 60 = 74.696 psi absolute. Adding 14.696 converts gauge pressure to absolute pressure.
d) The final volume V2= 10 lb. x 53.35 ft-lb/lb R x [60 +460] R / [ 12in x 12 in x 74.696 psf]= 25.8 cubic feet of air.
e) The Work to run the compressor is P1V1 log V2/V1 or 14.696 x 12 x 12 x 131 x log 28.8/131.0 = - 450,000 ft-lb of work.
f) Hp = work/ 33,000 = -450,000/33,000 or 13.6 hp to run the compressor.

Now this is using the Ideal Gas Law, there are other expressions that are more accurate and more complex.
This is also the fundamental beginnings of other thermal processes, Diesel Cycle, Otto Cycle, jet Cycle.
The nR is the stuff that is the working fluid [air], R is the constant that relates to that fluid, Air is 53.35, steam 85.81, co2 35.13.
N is the number of molecules in the fluid. However it is not that simple, when you have a chemical reaction, combustion than n is a chemical term, moles and much more complex.

So now what do we do with all this compressed air? Air Breaks, in a train yard it's used to move Switch Tracks. Internal combustion engines lose Hp as they gain altutide, at 7,500 feet only 75% hp is available relative to see level. How to get it back? Turbocharger the engine.

Stress Analysis; that is simple too, it pertains to every component in the train that must carry a load or resist a force.
Let's take an axel. The axle must support the weight of the car or engine. Lets say the shear force to fail the axel is 120,000 psi of the cross sectional area of the axel. An axel 10 inches in diameter is 78.5 sq in. 120,000 x 78.5 =9,420,000 lb. or 4710 tons. That's over simplified because 1) there is no safety factor and 2) every half turn of the axel the applied force changes direction. Use a safety factor of 10 and the maximum load is 4710/10 or 470 tons. Take into account spinning the axel and reversing the load and we need to de-rate the load again by 10, now the maximum load is 47 tons. Need to carry more load? Use more axles. BTW, where does the axel load end up? On the rail, more stress, and then where? The track ties and the ground/ballast.

Hope that gives you more insight to the problems.

 

[jayste]

Oh Boy! You asked for it! Let the techno bable begin...

Sorry, I couldn't resist!

 

[Window Geek]

Bridgeman1
What an awesome thread! Great pictures, dogs, equipment, and bridge.
Your bricklayer aint too bad either! With all the different opinions on this thread, it can be difficult. But one of the reasons I like TBN so much is the varied approaches that different TBNers take. I learn something every time I visit. The last inspired project was lighting on my Kubota.

Does this mean I have to build a bridge now?

Honey? I've been thinking....

 

[buggyman1]

Ran across this pic with snow on the bridge.