The fuel filter is before the pumpOP is your fuel filter before or after the pump? If it's before there is no need for the addition of a small pain in the neck filter that will need replacing..
Thought about it more, and its probably not the pressure that is making it foam, its the volume. The lift pump feeding the injection pump doesn't need high volume, and all the diesel is mainly going back to the tank, so your filtering a lot of fuel.
Might look for a electric pump for a tractor or mower of similar size. Don't know if this would fit the bill but here is one for a BX1860 so 18hp 3cyl diesel
https://www.completetractor.com/fuel-pump-for-kubota-bx1860-bx1870-bx1870-1-bx1880-bx2360-r1401-51352/?mrkgcl=1181&mrkgadid=3279220753&adpos=1o2&creative=255456459556&device=c&matchtype=&network=g&gclid=Cj0KCQjwhuvlBRCeARIsAM720HqSXmSriRJYsam3XLkOD3sffNf_v8tQ-3uwWGDZK-oATxxCtZQ9pg4aAnRCEALw_wcB
this one has threaded fittings, just get an adapter for the size you need. https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07CKS4CHH/ref=psdc_15728151_t3_B07JPDZC4M
you can try a hardware store or plumbing supply. it's not the pressure or gpm making it foam, btw, it's air getting in the inlet of the pump. you will get some from a newly installed pump..NAPA has one like that. They did not have a fitting though, couldn't get on either, although it could have just been a lazy clerk
al