Welcome to Tractorbynet, Tim. I don't know what materials you plan to use to build a tractor, but you can go to some of the manufacturers' websites and look at the specs on different models. They do vary a bit, but just as an example: I used to have a Kubota
B7100 that had a top speed of about 9 mph, then a
B2710 that had a top speed of almost 12 mph (11.9 I believe, to be exact). They both had hydrostatic transmissions so it was infinite speed up to those limits. For a geared tractor, I'd say you want one mph or less for things such as running a tiller; maybe a little more would be OK for some other jobs.