I don't know about your particular machine, but most tractors use the transmission/differential housing as a hydraulic reservoir, and on those machines there is almost always a screen on the suction line to the pump. If you are operating in a dirty environment, or the machine is older, or fluids are allowed to become contaminated, that screen can become plugged so that the hydraulic pump cannot provide enough suction to start picking up the fluid. Your jerky movement in the hydraulic system could have been caused by a dirty filter, low fluid level, or this screen being plugged. I would have done the same thing you did and change the filter only after checking the fluid level and if that did not fix the jerkiness, I would have pulled the screen out of the transmission housing to make sure it was not plugged. If that did not fix the issue, check the suction hose/s and connections for a possible leak of air into the system. When all of these possibilities are not the problem, the pump is probably shot, or as somebody mentioned, the pressure relief may be stuck or failed.