The screen is under the tractor behind the filter housing, but in front of the priority valve. Should be accessible on the right side of the tractor. You need to drain the sump BEFORE attempting to pull the screen. It should have a spot for a 1/2in ratchet to remove the cover. Also a good time to replace the main filter element while you're down there.
And there is anywhere between 5-10 gallons of oil in there......
Silly question...how much hydraulic oil do you have? Deere's are really picky, has to have oil at least up in the hash mark and is check while at idle- not when off. IF you check the oil while off and is to the "full" mark on the stick, I can bet that once you start it, it will go down to the low mark (mine does). And if you are at the low mark when off....well, you don't have enough oil.... It uses hydraulic/transmission oil; the Deere brand is pricey, but GOOD. You can pick it up at Costco (if you have a local Costco wearhouse store) as they sell it in 5 gallon buckets.
Has the power steering been affected also or just the loader? I ask since the hydraulic system gives (at least on ag tractors) priority oil flow to brakes & power steering. Your tractor has a closed center hydraulic system, with, a direct drive/coupled pump in the front.
You stated there were two filters you changed? Umm, if I recall right, one filter should be under the tractor (cartridge type). Second one, well, I have no idea (as I only deal w/ Deere ag tractors.....). Was this other filter a spin on type?
The Ag tractor model that would be comprible would be a JD 2030 or 2440 (rated at 60HP at the PTO), both 4 cylinder engines. Hydraulic system virtually identical. An ag shop should be able to work/help you with it.