I went back and looked at your photos again and it looks like the weld around the bushing has been broken for a long time and all the pressure has been gradually stretching that thin piece of wrap around steel to the final breaking point. If you can get everything squared back up, and the pins aligned, I think it will be a pretty easy fix. It would be much easier if the boom was separated and on a fab table. You need to grind out all the old weld around the bushing and v bevel it with a carbide bit rotary file so you can get at least 75% penetration around the bushing. I think that is the culprit that caused the whole problem, that little fillet weld around the bushing is taking all the load. You should be able to heat and beat that strap back into place and work the other cracked side back straight, then as said above get a good 7018 weld all around it. You can then put a doubler plate on the outside of the bushing leaving enough space to put the safety bolt and nut in by notching that area and welding all around the notch. Your double needs to be as thick as the boom section minimum. I would extend it up the boom at least 8" and taper it down toward the end but leave about a 2" radius on the end of the doubler plate. Put one on each side and if will never break again, at least not there.
That bottom strap should not be the load carrier for this. The load should be on the weld around the bushing which is what you are beefing up