Been away for a few days and this AM this thread caught my eye. My concers were soothed as soon as I saw Wayne County make his initial post. Knows more than is needed for this kind of discussion.
For those really interested, I'd suggest to contact your local industrial supplier and see if they can supply you with application books the major mfgrs publish. Alt is contact Applerubber or Parker-Hannifin, both are big names in the o'ring/seal business and have publications available.
In addtion to size, the next most important thing to know when selecting o'rings/seals is, what is the envrionment this product will come in contact with. Includes materials i.e. anything the seal is going to be coming in contact with, temp, exposure to light, arcs, etc.
If the o'ring fits into a machined recess of some kind, then o'ring x-sect become important as amount of compression is important. Material selection also come into play as various compounds are subject to different amounts of compression set. The o'ring always needs to maintain some pressure against the sealing surface. Wrong material which is not suitable for the environment may deteriorate and fail prematuraly.
Hope you get the picture I'm trying to put forth. try and get an application book so you can select the correct material for the application and there will be less chance for something to go wrong.
Durometer is the industry std for measuring the hardness of elastomers. The measurement has been around for decades. Durometer testers come in a variety of price ranges from modest to high cost. Designs vary depending upon what you are trying to measure.
Good discussion guys.