Syn, con, or blend I try to make sure it's ck4 api rated I believe the ck rating supercedes all other ratings and can be used on all previous generations of diesel engines with or without pollution controls and ultra low sulphur diesel. Please correct me if I'm wrong.
Ford about had a coronary when the new CK4 rating came out, replacing the older CJ4. It's thinner. Ford refused to recognize it. Still something of a battle going on with that.
Whenever the criminals at EPA get involved, you always have to watch out. Always. They wanted thinner oil for fuel economy purposes. No other reason, fuel economy. Your engine blows up? Puts a smile on the EPA's face.
Back in the day, the EPA forced refiners to stop putting ZDDP (a zinc additive) into their SI oils. They found that it destroyed catalytic converters. Which it does. funny stuff right there
But in those days, a lot of engines still had flat-tappet camshafts and still needed the ZDDP. Which is what it's for. Been there, done that. Trust me.
So they held off enforcing the rule for a while until most newer engines had roller cams. Then, they don't need the extra lube help.
But nobody told NAgmAR (aka; nascar). Who ran (might still, lost interest years ago) exclusively flat tappet cams in what passes for race cars with them.
They started blowing up engines like nobody's business. You'd have to be a fan to remember it and it was a few decades ago, so.... But they didn't tell anybody about the missing ZDDP. The Refiners like Mobil, Shell, etc who sponsor teams?? ....they didn't bother to tell their own Teams.
Point being is this -- Just because there is a new oil rating, do NOT assume it is better because..... Very often, it isn't. In fact, usually it isn't.
One of these days when I have several beers sitting next to me, I might tell you about the 454 Big Blocks we had rebuilt for my buddy's 40 Foot Scarab. Went through hell with the camshafts. Long story and be sure to bring a violin