I'm pretty sure you are correct, he set up on your property because it was easier. I'm not defending him, I'm just explaining it. There is a pretty good chance I would have done the same thing. Call him up and tell him how you feel, it might make you feel better.
I'll tell you how I feel. The nail might upset you and I get that in theory they could ruin a tire. I think you are upset that they went on your property without asking. Some states require notice, meaning they have to at least try and contact you. Thank goodness Illlinois isn't one of those states. It can be almost impossible to find land owners. If I'm working near someones house and I can see they are home, I almost always tell them what I'm doing and who for. If there isn't anybody home, I keep on working.
I hate to say it out loud, but when you realize as a private property owner your property isn't so private, you will be more understanding. They can come on your property to put a new meter in. They can take your property to build a road. They can force you to give an easement for utilities. Depending on your county, they can tell you how to put up a building, how far it has to be from a property line, they can even tell you what you can and can't do on your property. Do you get upset when the UPS guys drops a package at your door?
It was just a surveyor doing his job. Was he inconsiderate? Maybe. Did he break the law? Probably not but it depends on your state laws. Should he have pulled his nails? Like someone else said, mabye he wasn't done. Surveyors tend to be a pretty proud independant group of guys. If you call the guy, don't start out hating the guy or thats probably what you will get back at you. Just tell him your upset he left his nails behind and why it bothers you. You'll probably find out he is a pretty good guy.