FYI, your comparing a heavy duty single arm mounted piece of construction equipment meant for pulling and digging, to a dual arm mounted lightweight farm tractor loader meant for carrying and pushing.
It's not exactly "apples to apples", although I do understand what your saying.
Excavators aren't meant for clearing wide paths of land with wide grapples, which is why you won't see a wide grapple on one.
That's what dozers are for. In fact, a dozer would be a more fair comparison, or a skidsteer.
The closest comparison would be a skidsteer, since they are a lot more apples to apples comparable seeing that they both have front end loaders.
The main difference there would be that a skidsteer is considerably more heavy duty and capable than a tractor.
Typically you don't see wide buckets on excavators because the wider you go, the more breakout force you need (similar to how a wider grapple would need more force to dig than a narrower one).
I really don't think you can compare a tractor grapple to an excavator in pretty much any way. They are about as opposite as you can get really.
(And a tractor with grapple is WAY more versatile than an excavator-we can probably agree on that
)
Edit: Reason #3 above isn't really true. Your right that most excavators won't have really wide buckets, but the reason is certainly NOT because they're worried about tipping over easier.