Wrong a couple of places.
Surge brakes will lock-up if you stomp the tow vehicle hard enough. But they are actuated by inertia (using a piston on the hitch) so they just chatter a little. They actually let go if you jack-knife, not much help there.
There may be some high-end controllers with accelerometers, but most just use a progressive increase, limited by a manual adjustment. They have a knob or a slider you adjust based on trial and error with the trailer loaded. That is what determines the maximum braking force. Ironically (in this thread anyway), they actually are triggered by the brake light circuit. They also usually have a button to manually turn on the brakes, so you can slow down using the trailer only (and the brake lights come on).
I do. Take apart an electric brake sometime. They look like drum brakes on the outside, but use an electromagnet coil to drag the shoe on the side of the rotor. It's pretty well protected from road spray, but would totally fill with water if submerged. The coil and wiring is REALLY cheap, at least in my trailers.
Definitely. They are inherently self-adjusting. But they require maintenance, you can't actuate them remotely, and they tend to be a PitA on uneven roads or going down hills (on-off-on-off-on...).
Russell in Texas