If the failure was a dropped valve caused by keeper shear, there are only a couple of scenarios that can cause this.
Keeper shearing occurs when valve seating velocity exceeds design criteria. The cause of the higher than designed seating velocity is lash in the system such that the Valve acceleration (deceleration) results in loads that exceed the strength of the keeper. The lash in the system allows the valve to slam onto the seat from the high velocity portion of the cam flank rather than on the low velocity ramp.
Ok, how does one get excessive lash? If the engine has hydraulic valve lifters, most likely it was run low on oil, allowing the hydraulic lifters to collapse.
Other scenarios are overspeed, which is unlikely in a governed Diesel tractor engine, but very common in diesel trucks on long downhill stretches where the engine overspeeds while descending in a low gear.
A third scenario would be excessive wear in the valve train, eg worn adjusters in a flat tapper valve train. This would be obvious to the analyst, though.
I spent something like 35 years as a development engineer working on Diesel engines and worked on keeper shear warranty issues.
Sheared keepers are an operator/ maintenance issue. All engines are subject to these failures.
It hurts for the op to hear this, but no Oem will cover an out of warranty claim when something so obvious to a trained and experienced warranty analyst as a case of sheared keepers is evident.