On every job that I've been on with something like this, I've always been able to chip or sand it away until it finally gave up and came off. I might go through quite a few sanding disks on my dremel, or air cutting spinning tool that I cannot think of the real name for. I've never heard of Vitreous china either. Given it's age and delicate nature, using chemicals makes a lot of sense. Muriatic acid or Goo Gone or Turpintine, Carberator Cleaner or Break Cleaner or Acetone or maybe even WD40 might work. Just gonna have to soak it and let the chemicals break it down over time.
Good luck.