From a course for firefighters who start engines indoors.
Health Effects
A:Short Term
1. Diesel exhaust is composed of gases and microscopic solids. The most significant gases are carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrocarbons (HC), nitrogen oxides (NO2), and sulfide oxides (SO2).
a. Carbon Dioxide (CO) upon entering the bloodstream reduces delivery of oxygen to the body’s organs and tissues.
b.Exposure from diesel exhaust can cause a series of temporary symptoms including: headaches, eye irritation, nausea, vomiting, numbness, wheezing, heartburn and chest tightness Hydrocarbon (HC) contributes to formation of ozone, which is responsible for choking, coughing, and stinging eyes associated with smog.
c. Sulfide Oxides (SO2) causes eye and mucous membrane irritation.
B.Long Term
1.Ozone damages lung tissue aggravates respiratory disease and makes people more susceptible to respiratory infections. Children are especially susceptible to ozone’s harmful effects, as adults with existing disease.
a. Many hydrocarbons (HC) are also air toxins. Exposure to air toxins is associated with cancer, birth defects and other serious health problems.
b.Nitrogen Oxides (NO2) can irritate lungs, cause bronchitis and pneumonia, and lower resistance to respiratory infections.
c.Particulate Matter (PM) causes breathing and respiratory problems, aggravation of existing respiratory and cardiovascular disease, damage to lung tissue, alteration in immunological system, and premature death.
d.High exposure to CO2 can cause poisoning and death