Polybutylene water pipes are no longer accepted by United States building codes and have been the subject[13] of class action lawsuits in both Canada and the US.[14][15] The pipe is still listed for use in Canada.[16] There is evidence to suggest that the presence of chlorine compounds in water will cause deterioration of the internal chemical structure of polybyutylene piping and the associated acetal fittings.[17] The reaction with chlorinated water appears to be greatly accelerated by tensile stress and is most often observed in material under highest stress such as at fittings and kinks. Localized stress whitening of the material generally accompanies and precedes decomposition of the polymer. In extreme cases, this stress activated chemical "corrosion" can lead to through perforation and leakage within a few years. Fittings with a soft compression seal can give adequate service life.