I have a bit of experience with sound deadening from my aviation background.
There are different levels of sound and different causes.
Any large metal panel will 'resonate' and also it will 'drum'
One commercial material readily available and cheap as well is self adhesive roofing membrane, stick that on the inside and results will be awesome. (even a large X on the panel area will be helpful)
In the engine area, firewall, a high density foam material will be best to deaden that engine noise. Lead is also a great sound blocker.
Surprisingly carpeting is also great for many ranges of sound.
AS to insulation (LOL, not isolation) most foam boards do very well, even as little as 1/2 or 3/4 inch.
On my CUT I did most as I described and never wear hearing protection plus I can tune in my favorite FM station to enjoy nice music at reasonable volume settings.
In my case I never welded my panels but drilled and used self tapping screws since I did not want to grind and feather those weld joints.
I also used galvanized sheet stock for paneling as that never rusts.
I also injected some oil inside of the tubing framework so as to not have corrosion happen. (again an aircraft technique)
Going on close to 20 years and no rust anywhere and still completely water tight (and, LOL, quiet.)
Nice project, keep us posted!