I'll chime in on this thread as I work in the AG industry, as the company i work for builds many different sensors for Precision Planters.
Precision planting speed now is usually done by ground speed radar sensor. They also use a hall effect sensor looking at a wheel disk on the planter.
Planting also starts off in the office. There are several different PC software systems that tie all the information together. Each field is mapped using a GPS system.
The field 'prescription' is loaded into the tractors computer that communicates with the planter controller. Once the precision planter is in the field working it can then shut off or change rates to individual rows as it moves through the field. There is also a planter monitor that has seed population, target rates, %skips, %doubles for each row.
Some tractors are also equipped with 'Auto Steer' and auto turn on end row.
Dave