It is fuzzy math that is irrelevant. You can't go to the bank and borrow 15k for the stock market. The vast majority of the people in those 50 cities don't have that money up front, if they did it might pay off to go solar, if they could meet all of their needs and then some with solar. If they do not have the space or long enough solar insolation, which the majority of city dwellers will not have, then they will only have a reduced electrical bill. While it may be a wise investment for some, it will not be for the majority and simply out of reach for the majority.
15k at 8% for 10 years is a payment about 180 a month, then you figure you paid over 6500 in interest. That means you paid over 23k for your solar at the end of 10 years. That same 15k at 5% for 10 years is about 175 a month with the total interest and principle at almost 21k. You could easily lose everything in the stock market, but even if you made a 1% return on the that 15k you are better off than paying that interest. All of that still assumes you are capable of paying no electric bill, and your typical bill is more than the loan payment each month.
All of it is still irrelevant, the vast majority of people in those 50 cities simply cannot swing the solar bill. I certainly wish that were not the case, but reality is reality. That article is not reality based.