As a bit of an update, I got the 513002 bearing (it is not sealed, as it turns out) from the other supplier and it is (or seems to be) the correct fit. I installed it last night on the mower and replaced the assembly and went out an mowed about 5 acres of hay - no problems as all.
I'm hoping that this fix will hold out for a while, at least the rest of this season. Don't have a whole lot more to do anyway.
I'm wondering this: what made the bearing fail to start with? From what I understand, it had a sealed bearing, so it's nothing that I could have re-packed anyway. The whole bar is supposed to be filled with gear oil to lubricate the gears that turn the shafts that turn the discs, and the mower had been sitting in a barn for many years, unused, prior to me getting it. I'm wondering if the bearing just "dried out" from lack of use, and then when I started using it, it got hot and failed....just wondering out loud.
At any rate, I appreciate the help that was offered - and it appears as though the first 513002 bearing I got probably was just in the wrong box. The new one I received (that fit) had some numbers stamped on it, but not any of the numbers that appear in this thread. I haven't cross-referenced them with anything else though.
Thanks again. Good luck and take care.