I think we're getting some terms confused here - the flame ROD IS the flame SENSOR, when it sees a flame it rectifies a portion of the high AC voltage; this smalle DC voltage is what causes the microamp current from the flame rod back into the control board.
The flame ROLLOUT is actually an OVERTEMP sensor; it's resettable, trips if things get too HOT. Works just like the overtemp in your clothes dryer (usually 2 of 'em, 1 in exhaust and a second on the back plane)
Since the flame rod will NOT see the sparks from the ignitor, it's possible that the piezo spark generator just keeps sparking til the 16 second "flame proving" circuit times out.
If, at the end of the 16 second attempt at lighting, the flame rod circuit isn't satisfied (this is what runs the yellow led circuit), the control will shut off the gas. Some units require you to re-start the cycle, yours may be automatic when room temp is below setpoint; don't recall.
The way this heater is set up makes EVERYTHING a PITA for troubleshooting; so far, the only way I've seen that you know if you EVER get an actual flame is by checking the temp of the burner tube.
And yeah, PITA being recognized - but the only way I can think of to run this down is to VISUALLY see if, during a lighting attempt, there is not ONLY a flame, but what does it LOOK like? (long, short, thin, fat, mostly blue or lots of yellow, etc)
From the drawings and your pics, it looks like taking the flame rod out (and isolatinging the wire to it, likely 3-400 volts AC) that you may be able to hold an inspection mirror up to the flame rod hole and see if there's flame. (Of course this would only happen for 16 seconds)
There's times when this stuff got a bit hairy even for me after doing it for over three decades; so if it's stressing you too much it may be time to get some local help (if they'll even do service calls during the current situation) - but as long as you're game, I'll stay with it. I'll also warn you of anything that might not be an obvious safety concern... Steve
Sorry, SWMBO interruption while typing; I'll check back in a few...