honestly? If you pulled the pump, you proabably would have noticed by now if the wiring is nicked, burnt, or whatever. Your cheapest option right now is to create a internal water cistern. This means you would need two pumps - one in your well to fill cistern, and another shallow well to pump water into where you need it. This can be complicated, fast. Perhaps you might want to split your water loads during the low peak times you use the water for.
If I were you, I would be setting up a tank in your barn above your watering troughs and setup a timer like they use for watering the lawns with and run it only at night when you are sleeping to fill the tank(s). When you need the water, you can just open the valve and fill the through by gravity for the animals.This way, you can build up your water reserve back up for your household needs , but still have a large volume of water in barn needs. This would be your fastest workaround solution until you get the well figured out or save the cost of drilling a new one.