I don't know about that. I'd imagine most cities were rather squalid places to live turn of last century, between raw sewage being dumped in any available body of water, the air thick with wood and coal smoke, horse turds everywhere in the streets, etc.
Might not have reached the critical mass it did mid-20th century, but we were well on the way. Very little was done to remedy this until the 1960s.
While I don't buy most of Gale's "dawn of a new enlightened age" visions, the good old days weren't all that great either.