Me too David.
I like to consider myself an armchair diesel tech, but all the good ideas have been done. What bothers me is the black smoke and no fire. And also, the no fire on ether. A diesel will run on ether, wether its getting fuel or not. We just recently went through fuel delivery problems on an ancient International TD15 that we replaced the engine in. We had two bad pumps (very old, each sat for a minimum of 15 years) and had timing issues (keyed pump, installed first 180 degrees out) and yet, even with no fuel reaching the injectors, the engine ran on ether.
Iplayfarmer - You mentioned adjusting the valves. Did you happen to crank it over while doing so, making sure that each is operating up and down freely? I know that might sound like a stupid question, but the reason I ask is that your symptoms almost sound like a worn lobe on a cam. I wish you the best of luck and patience.